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Welding is a process in which two metals are joined together to form the product of required shape and size. Friction stir welding is a type of welding process wherein, the material is not melted unlike the other welding processes such as arc welding processes. Friction stir welding is used in various applications where melting of the material is not desirable as that can result in undesirable change in shape of the material. Skilled workers are required to carry out friction stir welding process.
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Friction stir welding, also referred as solid state joining, is a type of welding process, which makes use of non-consumable tool so that the joining of two facing workpieces can be done without melting of the material. The friction between the workpiece material and rotating tool generates heat, owing to which the area near friction stir welding tool softens. When the friction stir welding tool moves forward, the two pieces of metal gets intermixed. Then the tool applies mechanical pressure on the softened metal. Friction stir welding process is used for joining different types of materials such as magnesium alloys, stainless steel, mild steel, titanium alloys, copper alloys, and aluminum alloys. Two different metals such as magnesium alloys to aluminum can also be joined together by using friction stir welding process.
Welding tool is the most important thing in friction stir welding process. Without proper movement of tool friction, stir welding process does not give desired results. There are some important parameters, such as plunge depth, tool tilt, tool rotation speed, tool transverse speed, and tool design, which are needed to be checked properly before starting the actual welding process. Tool design is very critical factor in friction stir welding equipment. With the help of good quality welding tool, the welding speed and quality of the weld can be improved. The material used for producing the welding tool must be tough, strong, and should be able to withstand high welding temperatures. The tool must have low thermal conductivity and good oxidation resistance so that heat loss can be minimized. One of the most widely used material for welding tool is AISI H13 steel and is considered as the perfect tool for welding aluminum alloys.
Friction stir welding is used in different applications such as automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding, and robotics. The automotive industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in different countries across the globe. There is increase in demand for vehicles across the world. The friction stir welding process is widely used in the automotive industry to weld various parts of the vehicle. Therefore, this is estimated to be the key driving factor for the growth of the friction stir welding equipment market.
In addition, friction stir welding offers more advantages, low cost of operation, and less impact on the environment compared to other welding processes. Therefore, many companies are using friction stir welding process for their working and it is expected to boost the friction stir welding equipment market.
Although the actual operating cost of friction stir welding process is low, but skilled workers are required to perform the process. If the worker is not aware about the process, then the company has to invest both time and the money to train the worker. Therefore, many companies prefer other types of welding, which do not require highly skilled labor. This factor could hamper the growth of the friction stir welding equipment market.
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