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Lignans are the large group of polyphenolic compounds within the phytochemicals found in plants. They are vascular plant secondary metabolites with a wide range of physiological functions. Plant lignans are defined as polyphenolic substances derived from phenylalanine through dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols known as monolignols to a dibenzylbutane skeleton. Lignans have wide applicability in the human diet due to its health promotion and disease-preventing properties. Flaxseed and sesame seeds are the richest source of lignans, and are utilized commercially for the fortification of food products and in the pharmaceutical industry. The other sources of lignans are soy seed, rapeseed, pumpkin seed, sunflower seed, wheat, oats, rye, barley, legumes, beans, fruit like berries, and vegetables. R&D activities have found the presence of lignans in beverages such as tea, coffee, and wine. The term lignan was first given by Haworth in 1948, since then numerous researches were conducted to explore the biological activities of lignans. Lignans function as the defensive chemical in plants to protect them from microorganisms and insects as well as the plant lignans act as precursors of mammalian lignans contributing in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
COVID-19 Scenario Analysis
Lignans have gained wide importance in recent times due to their biological properties and health benefits. The presence of lignan in various plant sources has increased the development of novel lignan synthesis models commercially. Increased investment in R&D, increasing health & fitness awareness, biosynthetic origin, immunity-boosting properties, physicochemical properties of lignan, increasing health benefits, production of fortified food products, utilization of flax hulls, increasing production of seeds such as flaxseed and sesame, surge in production of lignan extracts, surge in food processing technology, automated equipment, increasing awareness about new products, new product development, utilization of lignans in pharmaceuticals, anti-cancer properties of lignan, increasing disease conditions, incorporation of lignan in supplementary foods and nutraceuticals, high natural abundance, hormone-related diseases, inclination toward improving product quality, use of lignans in cosmetics, increased distribution channel, sanitation control in manufacturing plants, changing eating habits, and disposable income are the key driving factors of the global lignans market. However, the increased competition, availability of substitute products, and lack of awareness hinder the growth of the lignans market.
The global lignans market trends are as follows:
Physicochemical properties exhibited by lignan have derived the interest of many researchers and manufacturing industries toward the applicability of lignan in food products, pharmaceuticals, supplementary diets, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, personal care products, and animal feed. Constant research has been carried out on the plant and non-plant sources of lignan in recent times. Flax hull is considered a rich source of lignan known as secoisolariciresinol glucoside (SDG) utilized as an immunity booster on the action of friendly bacteria. Flax seeds are considered to be the richest source of lignan, and are utilized for the fortification of bakery products as well as for the extraction of lignan extracts. Norwegian spruce tree is considered as another source of lignan called 7-hydroxymatairesinol (HMR). Lignans possess properties such as antioxidants, anti-cancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, beneficial for osteoporosis prevention, modification of estrogen level, hormonal changes, anti-tumor activities, virus-related diseases, relieving menopausal symptoms, blood glucose level, cardiovascular system, thyroid function, and fertility. They are widely used through flaxseeds in the dough, baked rye bread, graham buns, muffins, cookies, snack foods, breakfast cereals, and other cereal-based bakery products.
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