Start reading ,This title and over 12000 thousand more,available with Avenue Library, T&C*
Actuator Systems Market by Product (Hydraulic, Mechanical, Pneumatic, Electrical, Thermal, and Others), Application (Automotive, Healthcare, Electronics, Chemical Processing and Others), Motion (Linear and Rotary), and End Use (Chemical, Power, Oil and Gas, Automobile, Hydraulics, Metals and Others): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2019-2026
| A05852 | Pages: NA | Feb 2021 | 1488 Views | | |
| Author(s) : NA | Tables: NA | Charts: NA | Formats*: | |
COVID-19
Pandemic disrupted the entire world and affected many industries.
Get detailed COVID-19 impact analysis on the Actuator Systems Market
Request Now !Actuator Systems Market - 2026
An actuator is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and controlling a mechanism or system, which is operated electrically, manually or by various fluids such as air, hydraulics, and others. An actuator requires a control signal and a source of energy. The control signal is relatively low energy and may be electric voltage or current, pneumatic or hydraulic pressure, or even human power. Two basic motions of actuators are linear and rotary. The global actuator systems market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.8% during forecast period (2019-2026). At this CAGR, the global actuator systems market size is estimated to reach from $48.3 billion in 2019 to $87.2 billion by 2026.
Increase in production, rise in use of electrical actuators due to their efficient operation, less maintenance and others, and surge in demand from automation industry are expected to drive the growth of the global actuator systems market. However, strong competition among manufacturers, stringent government regulations on the use of actuators for safety purpose, and reduced energy consumption are expected to restrain the global actuator systems market growth. Further, factors such as increase in investment in automation industry, rise in demand in energy sector for the actuator use, and research on improvement in actuator systems are expected to be the opportunities in the growth of the global actuator systems market.
Key segmentation can be done on the basis of product, application, motion, end use, and region. Based on the product, the market is segmented into hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic, electrical, thermal, and others. On the basis of application, the market is classified into automotive, healthcare, electronics, chemical processing and others. By segmentation type motion, it is categorized into linear and rotary. Based on end use, the market is divided into chemical, power, oil & gas, automobile, hydraulics, metals, and others. Based on region, the global actuator systems market is studied across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.
Key players in the global actuator systems market are ABB, Rockwell Automation, Inc., Emerson Electric Co., Altra Industrial Motion, Flowserve Corporation, SAMSON CONTROLS, SMC Corporation, Aero Space Controls Corporation, GE Aviation, Honeywell International Inc., and MISUMI Corporation.Â
Key Benefits for Stakeholders:
- The global actuator systems market share has been analyzed across four major regions.
- Porter’s five force analysis helps to analyze the potential of buyers & suppliers and the competitive scenario of actuator systems for strategy building.
- The report outlines the current market trends and future scenario of the market size from 2018 to 2026 to understand the prevailing opportunities and potential investment pockets. The market is forecasted for 2019-2026.
- Major countries in each region have been mapped according to their individual revenue contribution to the regional market.
- The key drivers, restraints, opportunities & actuator systems market trends along with their detailed impact analysis are elucidated in the study.
- The global actuator systems market analysis covers in-depth information of the major industry participants.Â
Scope of the Report:
Report Metric | Details |
 Market size available for years | 2018-2026 |
 Base year considered | 2018 |
 Forecast period | 2019-2026 |
 Forecast units | Value (USD) |
 Segments covered | Product, Application, Motion, End-Use and Region |
 Geographies covered | North America (US, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, UK, France, and the Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India, and the Rest of Asia-Pacific), Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, and the Rest of LAMEA) and The Middle East and Africa |
 Companies covered | Major players covered, include ABB, Rockwell Automation, Inc., Emerson Electric Co., Altra Industrial Motion, Flowserve Corporation, SAMSON CONTROLS, SMC Corporation, Aero Space Controls Corporation, GE Aviation, Honeywell International Inc., and MISUMI Corporation. |
Key Market Segmentation: In Table Format
ATTRIBUTE | DETAILS |
By Type |
|
By Application |
|
By Motion |
|
By End Use |
|
By Region |
|
Questions Answered in the Actuator Systems Market Research Report:
- What is the growth rate of the actuator systems market during the forecast period?
- What will be the global actuator systems market size from 2019 to 2026?
- Who are the leading manufacturing companies in the actuator systems market?
- How the major current trends will shape the market in the future?
- What are the driving factors and opportunities in the market?
- Which will be the niches at which players profiling with thorough plans, financials, and also recent advancements should set a presence?
- Why are some of the segments flourishing at the highest growth rate while others experience a steady growth?
- What are the conclusions of the actuator systems market?
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Report description
1.2. Key benefits for stakeholders
1.3. Key market segments
1.4. Research methodology
1.4.1. Primary research
1.4.2. Secondary research
1.4.3. Analyst tools and models
Chapter 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. Key findings
2.1.1. Top Investment Pockets
2.1.2. Market Player Positioning, 2018
2.2. CXO perspective
Chapter 3 MARKET OVERVIEW
3.1. Market Definition And Scope
3.2. Parent/Peer Market Overview
3.3. Key Forces Shaping Global Actuator Systems Market
3.3.1. Bargaining power of suppliers
3.3.2. Threat of new entrants
3.3.3. Threat of substitutes
3.3.4. Intensity of rivalry
3.3.5. Bargaining power of buyers
3.4. Pricing Analysis
3.4.1. Pricing Analysis of Global Actuator Systems Market, By Region, 2018 to 2026
3.4.2. Pricing Analysis of Global Actuator Systems Market, By Product, 2018 to 2026
3.4.3. Pricing Analysis of Global Actuator Systems Market, By End Use, 2018 to 2026
3.4.4. Pricing Analysis of Global Actuator Systems Market, By Application, 2018 to 2026
3.4.5. Pricing Analysis of Global Actuator Systems Market, By Motion, 2018 to 2026
3.5. Value Chain Analysis
3.6. Impact Of Government Regulations On Global Actuator Systems Market
3.7. Patent Analysis
3.8. Market Dynamics
3.8.1. Drivers
3.8.2. Restraints
3.8.3. Opportunities
Chapter 4 GLOBAL ACTUATOR SYSTEMS MARKET, BY PRODUCT
4.1. Overview
4.2. Hydraulic
4.2.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
4.2.2. Market size and forecast, by region
4.2.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
4.2.4. Market analysis by country
4.3. Mechanical
4.3.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
4.3.2. Market size and forecast, by region
4.3.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
4.3.4. Market analysis by country
4.4. Pneumatic
4.4.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
4.4.2. Market size and forecast, by region
4.4.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
4.4.4. Market analysis by country
4.5. Electrical
4.5.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
4.5.2. Market size and forecast, by region
4.5.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
4.5.4. Market analysis by country
4.6. Thermal
4.6.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
4.6.2. Market size and forecast, by region
4.6.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
4.6.4. Market analysis by country
4.7. Others
4.7.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
4.7.2. Market size and forecast, by region
4.7.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
4.7.4. Market analysis by country
Chapter 5 GLOBAL ACTUATOR SYSTEMS MARKET, BY END USE
5.1. Overview
5.2. Chemical
5.2.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.2.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.2.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
5.2.4. Market analysis by country
5.3. Power
5.3.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.3.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.3.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
5.3.4. Market analysis by country
5.4. Oil and Gas
5.4.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.4.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.4.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
5.4.4. Market analysis by country
5.5. Automobile
5.5.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.5.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.5.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
5.5.4. Market analysis by country
5.6. Hydraulics
5.6.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.6.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.6.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
5.6.4. Market analysis by country
5.7. Metals
5.7.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.7.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.7.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
5.7.4. Market analysis by country
5.8. Others
5.8.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.8.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.8.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
5.8.4. Market analysis by country
Chapter 6 GLOBAL ACTUATOR SYSTEMS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
6.1. Overview
6.2. Automotive
6.2.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
6.2.2. Market size and forecast, by region
6.2.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
6.2.4. Market analysis by country
6.3. Healthcare
6.3.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
6.3.2. Market size and forecast, by region
6.3.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
6.3.4. Market analysis by country
6.4. Electronics
6.4.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
6.4.2. Market size and forecast, by region
6.4.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
6.4.4. Market analysis by country
6.5. Chemical Processing
6.5.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
6.5.2. Market size and forecast, by region
6.5.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
6.5.4. Market analysis by country
6.6. Others
6.6.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
6.6.2. Market size and forecast, by region
6.6.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
6.6.4. Market analysis by country
Chapter 7 GLOBAL ACTUATOR SYSTEMS MARKET, BY MOTION
7.1. Overview
7.2. Linear
7.2.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
7.2.2. Market size and forecast, by region
7.2.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
7.2.4. Market analysis by country
7.3. Rotary
7.3.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
7.3.2. Market size and forecast, by region
7.3.3. Market volume and forecast, by region
7.3.4. Market analysis by country
Chapter 8 GLOBAL ACTUATOR SYSTEMS MARKET, BY REGION
8.1. Overview
8.2. North America
8.2.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
8.2.2. Market size and forecast, by product
8.2.3. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.2.4. Market size and forecast, by application
8.2.5. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.2.6. Market analysis by country
8.2.6.1. U.S.
8.2.6.1.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.2.6.1.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.2.6.1.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.2.6.1.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.2.6.2. Canada
8.2.6.2.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.2.6.2.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.2.6.2.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.2.6.2.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.2.6.3. Mexico
8.2.6.3.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.2.6.3.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.2.6.3.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.2.6.3.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.3. Europe
8.3.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
8.3.2. Market size and forecast, by product
8.3.3. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.3.4. Market size and forecast, by application
8.3.5. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.3.6. Market analysis by country
8.3.6.1. UK
8.3.6.1.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.3.6.1.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.3.6.1.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.3.6.1.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.3.6.2. Germany
8.3.6.2.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.3.6.2.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.3.6.2.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.3.6.2.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.3.6.3. France
8.3.6.3.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.3.6.3.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.3.6.3.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.3.6.3.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.3.6.4. Spain
8.3.6.4.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.3.6.4.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.3.6.4.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.3.6.4.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.3.6.5. Italy
8.3.6.5.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.3.6.5.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.3.6.5.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.3.6.5.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.3.6.6. Rest of Europe
8.3.6.6.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.3.6.6.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.3.6.6.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.3.6.6.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.4. Asia-Pacific
8.4.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
8.4.2. Market size and forecast, by product
8.4.3. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.4.4. Market size and forecast, by application
8.4.5. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.4.6. Market analysis by country
8.4.6.1. China
8.4.6.1.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.4.6.1.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.4.6.1.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.4.6.1.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.4.6.2. Japan
8.4.6.2.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.4.6.2.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.4.6.2.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.4.6.2.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.4.6.3. India
8.4.6.3.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.4.6.3.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.4.6.3.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.4.6.3.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.4.6.4. Australia
8.4.6.4.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.4.6.4.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.4.6.4.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.4.6.4.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.4.6.5. South Korea
8.4.6.5.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.4.6.5.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.4.6.5.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.4.6.5.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.4.6.6. Rest of Asia-Pacific
8.4.6.6.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.4.6.6.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.4.6.6.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.4.6.6.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.5. LAMEA
8.5.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
8.5.2. Market size and forecast, by product
8.5.3. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.5.4. Market size and forecast, by application
8.5.5. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.5.6. Market analysis by country
8.5.6.1. BRAZIL
8.5.6.1.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.5.6.1.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.5.6.1.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.5.6.1.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.5.6.2. Saudi Arabia
8.5.6.2.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.5.6.2.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.5.6.2.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.5.6.2.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.5.6.3. South Africa
8.5.6.3.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.5.6.3.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.5.6.3.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.5.6.3.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
8.5.6.4. Rest of LAMEA
8.5.6.4.1. Market size and forecast, by product
8.5.6.4.2. Market size and forecast, by end use
8.5.6.4.3. Market size and forecast, by application
8.5.6.4.4. Market size and forecast, by motion
Chapter 9 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
9.1. Competitive dashboard
9.2. Market share analysis of top players, 2018 (%)
9.3. Product mapping of top 10 player
9.4. Top winning strategies, 2015 - 2018
9.4.1. Top winning strategies, by year
9.4.2. Top winning strategies, by development
9.4.3. Top winning strategies, by company
Chapter 10 COMPANY PROFILES
10.1. Kongsberg Maritime
10.1.1. Company overview
10.1.2. Company snapshot
10.1.3. Key Executives
10.1.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.1.5. R&D Expenditure
10.1.6. Business Performance
10.1.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.2. ATLAS ELECTRONIK
10.2.1. Company overview
10.2.2. Company snapshot
10.2.3. Key Executives
10.2.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.2.5. R&D Expenditure
10.2.6. Business Performance
10.2.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.3. Raytheon Company
10.3.1. Company overview
10.3.2. Company snapshot
10.3.3. Key Executives
10.3.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.3.5. R&D Expenditure
10.3.6. Business Performance
10.3.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.4. Neptune Actuator Ltd
10.4.1. Company overview
10.4.2. Company snapshot
10.4.3. Key Executives
10.4.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.4.5. R&D Expenditure
10.4.6. Business Performance
10.4.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.5. Thales Group
10.5.1. Company overview
10.5.2. Company snapshot
10.5.3. Key Executives
10.5.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.5.5. R&D Expenditure
10.5.6. Business Performance
10.5.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.6. Lockheed Martin Corporation
10.6.1. Company overview
10.6.2. Company snapshot
10.6.3. Key Executives
10.6.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.6.5. R&D Expenditure
10.6.6. Business Performance
10.6.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.7. Harris Corporation
10.7.1. Company overview
10.7.2. Company snapshot
10.7.3. Key Executives
10.7.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.7.5. R&D Expenditure
10.7.6. Business Performance
10.7.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.8. General Dynamics Corporation
10.8.1. Company overview
10.8.2. Company snapshot
10.8.3. Key Executives
10.8.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.8.5. R&D Expenditure
10.8.6. Business Performance
10.8.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.9. Teledyne Marine
10.9.1. Company overview
10.9.2. Company snapshot
10.9.3. Key Executives
10.9.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.9.5. R&D Expenditure
10.9.6. Business Performance
10.9.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.10. General Dynamics Corporation
10.10.1. Company overview
10.10.2. Company snapshot
10.10.3. Key Executives
10.10.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.10.5. R&D Expenditure
10.10.6. Business Performance
10.10.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
10.11. Chelsea Technologies Group Ltd
10.10.1. Company overview
10.10.2. Company snapshot
10.10.3. Key Executives
10.10.4. Operating Business Segments & Product Portfolio
10.10.5. R&D Expenditure
10.10.6. Business Performance
10.10.7. Key Strategic Moves and Developments
Chapter 11 APPENDIX
We offer our clients exhaustive research and analysis based on wide variety of factual inputs, which largely include interviews with industry participants, reliable statistics and regional intelligence. Our in-house industry experts play instrumental role in designing analytic tools and models, tailored to the requirements of particular industry segment. These analytical tools and models sanitize the data & statistics and enhance the accuracy of our recommendations and advice. With AMR’s calibrated research process and 360` degree data-evaluation methodology, our clients are assured of receiving:
- Consistent, valuable, robust and actionable data & analysis that can easily be referenced for strategic business planning
- Technologically sophisticated and reliable insights through well audited and veracious research methodology
- Sovereign research proceeds that present a tangible depiction of marketplace
With a strong methodology we are, therefore, confident that our research and analysis are most reliable and guarantees sound business planning.
Secondary research
We refer a broad array of industry sources for our secondary, which typically include; however, not limited to: Company SEC filings, annual reports, company websites, broker & financial reports and investor presentations for competitive scenario and shape of the industry
- Patent and regulatory databases for understanding of technical & legal developments
- Scientific and technical writings for product information and related preemptions
- Regional government and statistical databases for macro analysis
- Authentic new articles, web-casts and other related releases for market evaluation
- Internal and external proprietary databases, key market indicators and relevant press releases for market estimates and forecast
Primary research
Our primary research efforts include reaching out participants through mail, tele-conversations, referrals, professional networks and face-to-face interactions. We are also in professional corporate relations with various companies that allow us greater flexibility for reaching out industry participants and commentators for interviews and discussions, fulfilling following functions:
- Validates and improves the data quality and strengthens research proceeds
- Further develops analyst team’s market understanding and expertise
- Supplies authentic information about market size, share, growth and forecasts
Our primary research interview and discussion panels are typically composed of most experienced industry members. These participants include; however, not limited to:
- Chief executives and VPs of leading corporations specific to industry
- Product and sales managers or country heads; channel partners and top level distributors; banking, investments and valuation experts Key opinion leaders (KOLs)
Analyst tools and models
AMR has developed set of analyst tools and data models to supplement and expedite the analysis process. Corresponding to markets, where there is significant lack of information and estimates, AMR’s team of experts and analyst develop specific analyst tools and industry models to translate qualitative and quantitative industry indicators into exact industry estimates. These models also allow analysts to examine the prospects and opportunities prevailing in the market to accurately forecast the course of the market.
Access from any device, anywhere
Clients can easily download both quantitative as well as
qualitative reports in PDF and excel formats.
REQUEST TOC/SAMPLE
Purchase Full Report of
Actuator Systems Market
- Online Only
-
$3,456$3,110 - Online cloud access only
- Restricted print, copy, paste & download
- Read only
- Free quarterly industry update
- Free report update (Within 180 days)
- Subscription model sign in
10%
Discount
- Data Pack
-
$3,840$3,456 - Restricted to one authorized user
- One print only
- Available in
Excel - Free quarterly industry update
- Free report update (Within 180 days)
- Subscription model sign in
10%
Discount
- Single User
-
$5,769$5,192 - Restricted to one authorized user
- One print only
- Available in Excel & PDF
- Free quarterly industry update
- Free report update (Within 180 days)
- Subscription model sign in
10%
Discount
- Five Users
-
$6,450$5,805 - Limited to five authorized users
- Print upto five copies
- Available in Excel & PDF
- Free quarterly industry update
- Free report update (Within 180 days)
- Subscription model sign in
10%
Discount
-
Enterprise
License/PDF -
$8,995$8,096 - Unlimited
within
company/enterprise - Available in Excel & PDF
- Free quarterly industry update
- Free report update (Within 180 days)
- Subscription model sign in
10%
Discount
- Library Membership
- $ 699/mo
- Published Content
E-access - Company Profiles
E-access - Newly Added Content Access
- 10 PDF
Downloads - 5 Excel Data
Pack Downloads - 250 Company Profiles PDF Downloads
-
Start reading.
Buy Now
This title and over 12,000+ are available on the Avenue Library. T&C*.
*Taxes/Fees, if applicable will be added during checkout. All prices in USD
Why Allied Market Research?
Infallible Methodology
To ensure high-level data integrity, accurate analysis, and impeccable forecasts
Analyst Support
For complete satisfaction
Customization
On-demand customization of scope of the report to exactly meet your needs
TARGETED MARKET VIEW
Targeted market view to provide pertinent information and save time of readers
Get fresh content delivered
Get insights on topics that are crucial for your business. Stay abreast of your interest areas.
Why Allied Market Research?
Infallible Methodology
To ensure high-level data integrity, accurate analysis, and impeccable forecasts
Analyst Support
For complete satisfaction
Customization
On-demand customization of scope of the report to exactly meet your needs
TARGETED MARKET VIEW
Targeted market view to provide pertinent information and save time of readers